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抗生素是微生物产生的一类重要的次生代谢产物,它能在极低的浓度下抑制或杀灭其它的微生物.自然界中近70%的抗生素是由链霉菌产生的,其中有些应用于医疗或兽医(如红霉素、四环素、卡那霉素、链霉素、利福霉素、亚得里亚霉素、杀念菌素),有些用作动物生长促进剂(如莫能星、泰乐星和维吉霉素),家畜抗寄生药物(averme-ctin),有些应用于植物保护(如春日霉素、多氧菌素、谷氏菌素),还有些用作除草剂(如bialaphos)、生物表面活性剂、免疫抑制剂和酶抑制剂.每株抗生素产生菌都具备一种或几种机制使自身免遭该代谢产物的毒害作用,这就是所谓的自身耐药性.抗生素的作用机制是多种多样的,与之相应,微生物的自身耐药性机制也是多种多样的.本文主要针对产抗生素链霉菌中主要存在的几种自身耐药机制作一概述.
Antibiotics are an important class of secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms that inhibit or kill other microorganisms at very low concentrations.About 70% of the antibiotics in nature are produced by Streptomyces, some of which are used in medical or Veterinarians such as erythromycin, tetracycline, kanamycin, streptomycin, rifamycin, adriamycin, and bacteriocin, and some as animal growth promoters Leptin, and virginiamycin), avermectin, some for plant protection (eg, rimsomycin, polyunsatins, goutamycin), and some as herbicides (eg, bialaphos ), Biosurfactants, immunosuppressive agents and enzyme inhibitors.Each antibiotic-producing bacterium has one or several mechanisms to protect itself from the toxic effects of the metabolite, which is called auto-resistance. The mechanism of action is varied, and correspondingly, the mechanism of self-resistance of microorganisms is also varied.This paper mainly summarizes several self-resistance mechanisms that exist mainly in antibiotic Streptomyces.