Background and Aims: Although activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a central role in the development of liver fibrosis, the mechanism underlying the activation of HSCs remains unclear. Keratin 17 (KRT17), a member of the intermediate filament family, can regulate tumor cell proliferation and migration. The current study aimed to elucidate the role of KRT17 in the activation of HSCs and the mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis. Methods: The expression of KRT17 was determined using immunohisto-chemistry in tissue microarray. Western blotting and qRT-PCR assays were used to determine the KRT17 expression in fibrotic liver tissues obtained from human subjects and mice. LX-2 cells were treated with TGF-β1 recombinant pro-tein and adipocyte differentiation mixture (MDI) mix to in-duce and reverse LX-2 cell activation, respectively, in order to explore the correlation between KRT17 and HSC activa-tion. Additionally, cell proliferation and migration abilities of LX-2 cells transfected with KRT17-overexpressing plasmid or small interfering RNA were determined using CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell, and wound healing assays. Finally, rescue assay was used to explore the role of KRT17 in HSC activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Results: The expression of KRT17 was higher in the hu-man and mouse fibrotic liver tissues than in healthy liver tissues, and it was positively correlated with HSC activa-tion. Upregulated KRT17 enhanced proliferation, migration, HSC activation and EMT in LX-2 cells, while knockdown of KRT17 reversed these effects. TGF-β1 recombinant protein accelerated KRT17-mediated EMT, HSC activation and pro-liferation, while TGF-β1 inhibitor counteracted the effect of KRT17 in vitro. Conclusions: KRT17 promoted HSC activa-tion, proliferation and EMT in hepatic fibrosis probably via TGF-β1 signaling, and KRT17 might serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.