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为弥补众多青藏高原定点监测全年牧草营养价值变化对生产支撑不足的问题,探明青藏高原放牧牦牛全年轮牧条件下牧草的全年动态营养价值,本研究选取青藏高原典型牧户的放牧草地,于2015年9月到2016年8月全年跟踪放牧牦牛、模拟采集可食性牧草,并分析牧草常规营养成分及总能,采用体外两阶段法测定牧草体外干物质消化率。结果表明,1)牧草中粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、粗灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)和磷(P)含量分别为3.68%~19.21%、0.86%~2.74%、9.65%~43.83%、44.70%~76.23%、5.40%~9.62%、2.13%~5.12%和0.027%~0.190%,5月份CP、Ash含量极显著高于其他月份(P<0.01);2)体外两阶段法评定牧草体外干物质消化率得出,消化率为42.72%~72.47%,5月份极显著高于其他月份(P<0.01);3)牧草总能(GE)、消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME)分别为17.76~19.67、7.81~13.26和6.40~10.87 MJ·kg~(-1),全年不同月份牧草GE差异不显著(P>0.05),以6月份最高,11月份次之,牧草DE及ME为5月份显著高于其他月份(P<0.05),4月份和6月份次之,12月份最低。青海省海晏县牧场5月和6月天然牧草品质优良,10月至翌年3月牧草营养价值较低。因此,建议牧民和养殖户在10月到翌年3月采用天然草地配合补饲饲料养殖;鉴于全年轮牧季节性草地类型不同,今后应采取跟踪式牧草营养监测方法,较好地实现放牧牦牛精准补饲。
In order to make up for the problem that many Qinghai-Tibet Plateau fixed-point monitoring the change of nutritional value of forage throughout the year on the lack of support for production, the annual dynamic nutrient value of forage grazing on grazing yak in Qinghai- The grazing yaks were traced for the whole year from September 2015 to August 2016 to simulate the collection of edible forages. The nutrients and total energy of forage were analyzed. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of forage was determined by two-stage in vitro method. The results showed that: 1) crude protein, crude fat, ADF, NDF, ash, calcium Respectively, from 3.68% to 19.21%, from 0.86% to 2.74%, from 9.65% to 43.83%, from 44.70% to 76.23%, from 5.40% to 9.62%, from 2.13% to 5.12% and from 0.027% to 0.190% (P <0.01); 2) In vitro two-stage method was used to evaluate the dry matter digestibility of forage in vitro, the digestibility was 42.72% -72.47%, significantly higher than that of other months in May (P <0.01) ; 3) GE, digestible energy (DE) and metabolic energy (ME) of forage were 17.76-19.67, 7.81-13.26 and 6.40-10.87 MJ · kg -1, respectively. (P> 0.05), the highest in June and the second in November. The forage DE and ME were significantly higher than the other months in May (P <0.05), followed by April and June, and lowest in December. Qinghai Haiyan County ranch May and June natural grazing quality, forage in October to the following March the nutritional value is low. Therefore, it is suggested that pastoralists and farmers should use natural grassland to feed with complementary feedstuff from October to March next year. In view of the different types of seasonal grassland rotation and grazing in the whole year, follow-up monitoring of pasture nutrition should be adopted in the future so as to realize the accurate grazing of yaks Supplementary feeding.