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作为飞机环控系统与主发动机起动的气源,以目前广泛应用的带负载压气机结构APU(Auxiliary Power Unit)为研究对象,进行引气特性计算模型与计算方法研究。首先介绍了APU结构与引气工作特点,然后分析了建模时喘振控制阀SCV(Surge Control Valve)控制方法与APU共同工作机理,最后采用部件法建立了该类型APU引气计算数学模型。以某型APU为对象进行数值仿真并与实际试车数据比较,计算误差小于3%,表明所采用的建模方法是正确的,所建立的模型能够满足工程需求。
As the air source for the aircraft airborne control system and the main engine starting, this paper studies the calculation model and calculation method of the air entraining characteristics based on the widely used APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) with load compressor structure. Firstly, the structure of APU and the characteristics of air entrainment are introduced. Then the control method of surge control valve (SCV) and APU working together are analyzed. At the end, the mathematical model of APU air bleed calculation is established by component method. The numerical simulation of a certain type of APU is compared with the actual test data, the calculation error is less than 3%, which shows that the modeling method is correct and the model can meet the engineering requirements.