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“流变学(rheology)”这一术语一般表示对物质的变形与流动的研究,从逻辑上说,也该包含流体力学。可是,我的朋友,已故的George W Scott Blair曾告诉我,他参与创建流变学协会的会议(1929年于美国首都华盛顿)曾决定把流变学限于对非牛顿系统的研究。之所以做这一决定,是为了保护流变学这门新兴学科不致被其他学科所淹没。然而,早期的几次学术会议并没有强制只讨论非牛顿流体,还进而成立了生物流变学的组织。这些会议对于发展生物流变学已经并将继续发挥重要的作用。因为许多生物学系统尤其是血液都是多成份的弥散体,即使它们的各个成份都是牛顿流体,它们的总体性质也会是非牛顿的。所以在生物流变学(包括血液流变学——这是生物流变学迄今最为活跃的领域)历次学术会议上,也一直有人宣读经典流体力学分析的工作。
The term “rheology” generally refers to the study of the deformation and the flow of matter, which logically should also include fluid mechanics. However, my friend, the late George W Scott Blair, told me that his meeting with the Association for Rheology (1929 in Washington, DC) had decided to restrict rheology to the study of non-Newtonian systems. This decision was made to protect the emerging discipline of rheology from other disciplines. However, several of the early academic conferences did not force the discussion of non-Newtonian fluids, but also set up a biometrics organization. These meetings have and will continue to play an important role in the development of biometrics. Because many biological systems, especially blood, are multi-component dispersions, their overall properties can be non-Newtonian even though their individual components are Newtonian. Therefore, during the academic conferences on biological rheology (including hemorheology, which is the most active area of biological rheology to date), some people have always read the work of classical hydrodynamic analysis.