目的对机械通气后呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)进行临床分析。方法运用随机抽样的方法选择进行机械通气治疗的50例患者,回顾性分析患者资料。结果 VAP的高危因素有:急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、应用制酸药、抗生素联用、年龄、留置胃管、机械通气时间>7 d、意识障碍;分离出68株革兰阴性菌,16例革兰阳性菌,1例真菌,共85例病原菌,具有多重耐药性;经敏感抗生素治疗2~6周,32例痊愈,18例死亡。结论多种高危因素均能诱发呼吸机相关性肺炎,致病菌耐药性强,死亡率高。 Objective To analyze the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) after mechanical ventilation. Methods Fifty patients undergoing mechanical ventilation were selected by random sampling, and the data of patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results The risk factors of VAP were as follows: acute physiology function and APACHEⅡ score, combined with antacids and antibiotics, age, indwelling gastric tube, mechanical ventilation time> 7 days, disturbance of consciousness, isolation of 68 Gram-negative bacteria, 16 cases of Gram-positive bacteria, 1 case of fungi, a total of 85 cases of pathogenic bacteria, with multiple drug resistance; sensitive antibiotics for 2 to 6 weeks, 32 patients recovered and 18 died. Conclusion A variety of risk factors can induce ventilator-associated pneumonia. The pathogens are highly drug-resistant with high mortality.