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目的:了解市场营业人员嗓音疾病流行病学特征并分析其相关危险因素。方法:2006年3~7月用自制的“专业市场营业人员嗓音疾病问卷调查表”对浙江省义乌市4所专业市场,5785名营业人员嗓音患病情况进行问卷调查及喉部检查,数据进行统计学处理。结果:4所专业市场营业人员嗓音疾病总患病率为30.4%,其中蔬菜市场、服装市场、花袜市场、工艺市场营业人员嗓音疾病患病率分别为58.1%、39.3%、28.4%、18.8%,经统计学χ2检验,各市场患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),蔬菜市场、服装市场嗓音患病率明显高于工艺市场及花袜市场;同一市场,女性嗓音疾病患病率明显高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在嗓音疾病发病类型上男性以慢性喉炎、声带息肉为主,女性主要为慢性喉炎、声带小结。此外,检查出8例恶性肿瘤。调查表明市场噪声、环境污染、吸烟、营业人员不良生活习惯以及持续过度用声等是营业人员嗓音疾病的高危因素。女性及30~50岁的市场营业人员是嗓音疾病的高危人群。结论:应针对不同市场环境下营业人员的嗓音疾病学特点采取切实有效的预防控制措施,降低市场噪声、改善市场环境以及对市场营业人员嗓音疾病及时干预,有利于减少嗓音疾病患病率。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of voice diseases among marketing staff and to analyze the related risk factors. Methods: From March to July of 2006, questionnaire and laryngeal examination were conducted on the prevalence of the voice of 5,785 salespeople in 4 specialized markets in Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province using self-made Questionnaire on Voice Illness of Professional Market Operators. Data were statistically processed. Results: The prevalence of voice diseases was 30.4% in the four professional markets. The prevalence of voice diseases in vegetable market, apparel market, flower socks market and craft market was 58.1%, 39.3%, 28.4%, 18.8 %, The statistical χ2 test, the prevalence of each market was statistically significant (P <0.01), vegetable market, apparel market, the prevalence of voice was significantly higher than the craft market and Hua Huadu market; the same market, female voice disease The prevalence was significantly higher than that of males (P <0.01). In the incidence of voice diseases, men with chronic laryngitis, vocal cord polyps, mainly women with chronic laryngitis, vocal nodules. In addition, 8 cases of malignant tumors were examined. Survey shows that market noise, environmental pollution, smoking, bad living habits of business people and the continued excessive use of voices and other business risk factors are high-risk voice. Women and marketers in their 30s and 50s are at high risk for voice disorders. Conclusion: Effective prevention and control measures should be taken according to the voice disease characteristics of employees in different market environments to reduce the market noise, improve the market environment and promptly interfere with the voice diseases of market operators, so as to reduce the prevalence of voice diseases.