谷氨酸是中枢神经系统重要的神经递质。在缺血或低氧时,谷氨酸过量释放,导致神经元死亡,称为“兴奋毒”。本文从谷氨酸的正常代谢、谷氨酸受体的亚型、低氧或缺血时谷氨酸过度释放的可能机制、兴奋毒可能的分子机制、如何预防噪声性耳聋及其应用前景方面综述了国内外谷氨酸的相关性研究的进展。 Glutamate is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. In ischemia or hypoxia, excessive release of glutamate, leading to neuronal death, known as “excitement poison.” This article from the normal metabolism of glutamate, subtypes of glutamate receptors, hypoxia or glutamate over-ischemia mechanism of possible release, excitotoxic potential molecular mechanisms, how to prevent noise-induced deafness and its application prospects The progress of glutamate correlation at home and abroad is reviewed.