As the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology matures and the demands for bandwidth increase, survivability becomes more and more important in generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) controlled intelligent optical networks (IONs). Th
Fusion energy from protons reacting with 11B, HB11, is extremely difficult or impossible when using thermal ignition by laser irradiation. This changes radically when using picosecond laser pulses with powers above petawatts dominated by nonlin
HfO2/SiO2 multilayer films were deposited on BK7 glass substrates by electron beam evaporation method. The effects of annealing at the temperature between 200 and 400 centigrade on residual stresses have been studied. It is found that the residual stress
Laser beam far-field alignment as well as frequency-doubling and frequency-tripling crystal adjustment is very important for high-power laser facility. Separate systems for beam and crystal alignment are generally used while the proposed approach by off-a