“经济人”假说是主流经济学体系逻辑演绎的起点,有关该假说的争议主要集中于“完全理性”的现实性方面。与完全理性相比,哈耶克提出的“进化理性”更具现实性。然而哈耶克的修正不是基于假设现实性的考虑,而是服务于理论的间接证伪这一方法论功能。从进化理性出发构造的自由市场经济理论,能够在形式上应对不完全竞争、计划经济等反常性事实的冲击。但就理论的解释力和预测力而言,哈耶克的修正实际上属于研究纲领的退步性调整,其理论因此呈现出明显的静态性和辩护性,而这在根本上又源于个人主义方法论原则的局限性。 The hypothesis of “economic man” is the starting point of the logical deduction of the mainstream economics system. The controversy about this hypothesis mainly focuses on the reality of “complete rationality ”. Compared with complete rationality, Hayek proposed “evolutionary rationality ” more realistic. However, Hayek’s amendment is not based on the assumption of hypothetical reality, but serves as a methodological function of indirect falsification of theory. The theory of free market economy constructed on the basis of evolutionary rationality can formally deal with the impact of imperfect competition and planned economy. However, in terms of theoretical explanation and predictive power, Hayek’s amendment actually falls into the step-by-step adjustment of the research program. As a result, its theory shows obvious staticness and defensiveness, which is fundamentally derived from individualism Limitation of the principle of methodology.