目的　研究单肺通气用于食管癌根治术时对病人的影响。　方法　２０ 例病人分为Ａ、Ｂ 两组，每组１０例。Ａ组术中行单肺通气，Ｂ组行双肺通气。于麻醉前、术中和术毕测定ＰａＯ２ 和ＰａＣＯ２ ，并记录手术时间及观察术中肺部情况。　结果　Ａ组和Ｂ组术毕ＰａＯ２ 分别为８４９±０８６ ｋＰａ 和７１３±０７９ ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜ ００５） ，Ａ 组手术时间比Ｂ 组缩短２７２ ％（ Ｐ＜ ００５），两组术中ＰａＯ２ 和ＰａＣＯ２ 均在正常范围，且在同一时刻的ＰａＯ２ 和ＰａＣＯ２ 值无显著差异。关胸前发现Ｂ 组肺部明显充血，而Ａ 组无此情况。　结论　食管癌根治术时应用单肺通气可减少因外力挤压造成的肺充血水肿，减轻对弥散功能的影响；术中视野清楚，缩短了手术时间，使ＰａＯ２ 明显提高，利于恢复。 Objective To investigate the effect of single-lung ventilation on patients undergoing esophageal cancer radical resection. Methods 20 patients were divided into A and B groups, 10 in each group. In group A, single-lung ventilation was performed during operation, and in group B, double-lung ventilation was performed. PaO2 and PaCO2 were measured before, during, and after anesthesia, and the operation time and the intraoperative lung condition were recorded. Results PaO2 after operation in group A and B was 849±086 kPa and 713±079 kPa, respectively (P<005). The operation time of group A was 272% shorter than that of group B (P <005), PaO2 and PaCO2 were within normal range in both groups, and there was no significant difference in PaO2 and PaCO2 values ​​at the same time. Before the chest was closed, it was found that the lungs of group B were significantly congested, but this was not the case in group A. Conclusion One-lung ventilation during esophageal radical resection can reduce pulmonary congestion and edema caused by external force and reduce the effect on diffusion function. The visual field is clear and the operation time is shortened. PaO2 is obviously improved and it is conducive to recovery.