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麻疹病毒一直被认为是遗传稳定的病毒,但最近很多研究表明,麻疹病毒也在逐渐发生着变异。麻疹作为一种急性呼吸道传染病,以往儿童是主要发病群体,但随着计划免疫工作的开展,麻疹发病群体的年龄构成已经由以往儿童高发演变成“两头膨胀”的特点,即15岁以上大年龄组病例和1周岁以下小年龄组病例构成不断升高,并逐步成为发病的主要群体。我国政府已向世界卫生组织承诺,到2012年全国麻疹发病率要控制在1/100万以下(不包括输入病例),且无本土麻疹病毒传播。麻疹发病年龄构成新特征对消除麻疹工作提出新的挑战。根据麻疹发病年龄特征的变化,适时调整防控策略,对消除麻疹工作有着重要意义。
The measles virus has long been considered a genetically stable virus, but many recent studies have shown that the measles virus is gradually mutating. Measles as an acute respiratory disease, the past, children are the main disease groups, but with the development of planned immunization, the age-composition of the measles population has evolved from the previous high incidence of children evolved into “double-headed” characteristics, namely 15 years old The above large age group of patients and 1-year-old group under the age of the rising composition, and gradually become the main group of pathogenesis. My government has promised to the World Health Organization that by 2012 the incidence of measles in China will be controlled at less than 1 million (excluding imported cases) and there is no local measles virus transmission. The new characteristics of the age at onset of measles pose new challenges to the elimination of measles. According to the characteristics of the age of onset of measles changes, timely adjustment of prevention and control strategies, elimination of measles is of great significance.