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对于当代西方心灵哲学中的各种唯物主义理论,一般区分为还原的唯物主义和非还原的唯物主义两大类别。这种简单的二分法并不能准确地反映出各种唯物主义理论流派关于心灵或意识在自然界中地位的细微差异,当代西方著名的心灵哲学家查默斯等人注意到了这个问题,相继在布罗德4型论的基础上提出了唯物主义理论划分的不同标准。本文从布罗德依据物理属性是否是基本属性把唯物主义理论区分为四种类型入手,梳理了查默斯根据意识是否是物理过程和雷文斯克罗夫特基关于意识是否是物理现象从而将唯物主义心身理论区分不同的大类和亚类型的演进历程。
For contemporary theories of various kinds of materialism in the philosophy of the West, it is generally divided into two categories: restored materialism and non-restored materialism. This simple dichotomy does not accurately reflect the subtle differences in the status of mind or consciousness in nature by various schools of materialist theory. The famous western philosopher Charmers and others noticed this problem, one after another in cloth On the basis of Rhode 4 theory, different criteria for the division of materialism are put forward. This article starts from Brod’s theory that whether the physical attribute is the basic attribute or not divides the materialistic theory into four types, combing whether or not Charlton’s consciousness is the physical process and whether or not Ravenscroft’s physical consciousness is the physical phenomenon Materialistic psychosomatic theory distinguishes the evolution of different categories and subtypes.