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表皮生长因子受体（ EGFR）属受体酪氨酸激酶生长因子受体家族，由原癌基因erbB1编码并翻译的蛋白。表皮生长因子受体三型突变（ EGFRvⅢ）是 EGFR 的一种最常见突变体， EGFR 和EGFRvⅢ在头颈肿瘤中广泛表达。其与相应的配体结合后主要通过 Ras／Raf／丝裂原激活蛋白激酶的激酶／细胞外信号调节激酶／丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶／蛋白激酶 B 信号通路，促进肿瘤细胞生长、调节细胞周期、诱导血管形成、加速肿瘤侵袭和转移、拮抗放、化疗效果，从而影响肿瘤的预后。“,”Epithelial growth factor receptor ( EGFR) is a member of tyrosine kinase growth factor recep-tor family,which is encoded and translated by the original oncogene erbB1.EGFRvⅢis one of the most com-mon mutant form of EGFR.Both EGFR and EGFRvⅢ have been found widely overexpressed in head and neck tumors.They combine to the corresponding ligands and trigger the down signal pathways including Ras-Raf/MEK-Erk/MAPK and PI3K/AKT,so as to promote tumor cells growth,regulate tumor cells cycle,induce tumor vascularization,accelerate tumor invasion and metastasis,antagonize the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and consequently influence the prognosis of the tumor.