Background Myocardial bridging (MB) is usually considered a benign condition but may result in myocardial ischemia,myocardial infarction (MI), exercise-induced tachycardia, atrioventricular conduction block or even sudden cardiac death.This retrospective study summarizes our operative methods and outcomes for treatment of 31 cases of MB.Methods From January 1997 to December 2006, 31 consecutive patients (24 men and 7 women; aged 35-67 years;mean 52.3 years) with MB underwent surgical treatment. Thirteen patients had MB only and 18 patients had MB associated with other heart diseases. In preoperative cardiac function grading, 5 patients were in NYHA class Ⅰ and 18 in NYHA class Ⅱ and 8 in NYHA class Ⅲ. Among them, 15 underwent myotomy and 16 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Results All patients survived and recovered uneventfully. Neither hospital or late death nor major complications occurred. Postoperative exercise testing in all patients failed to reveal any persistent ischemia. Follow-up time was 3-115 months (mean 31 months). Follow-up angiographic studies in 21 patients (68%) demonstrated restoration of coronary blood flow and myocardial perfusion without significant residual compression of the artery. All patients were symptom-free and currently in NYHA class Ⅰ-Ⅱ.Conclusion The patients who are refractory to medication should actively undergo the surgical procedures such as myotomy and CABG. Myotomy should be advocated as the first choice because of its safety and satisfactory results.