在理学被斥为伪学的条件下,在遭受政治压制的环境中,朱熹及其弟子们通过在书院所从事的教学和学术活动,开创了书院的传统和精神。这一传统和精神的核心内容可以归纳为两条:一是它独立自主的性质,不依傍官府,具有鲜明的个性特征;二是有别于参加并通过科举考试的学习目的,它提倡为己之学,以增进个人的学识和道德修养为依归。元初南宋遗民的大量存在,科举的废止,为朱熹所开创的书院传统和精神的弘扬,提供了得天独厚的土壤,再加上元初积极的文教政策和书院政策,书院的发展也呈现一派新气象。不仅书院大量地创建或兴复,而且不受官府的拘牵,不受科举的干扰,师儒生徒,得以志专业精。大德时期,元统治者的公文书中称:“江南书院,始因前贤而置。其训诲生徒,作养人材,与夫地产钱粮,不在府州学校之下。”(《庙学典礼》卷6)正可以看 Under the condition that Neo-Confucianism was denounced as a pseudo-study, Zhu Xi and his disciples started the tradition and spirit of the academy through teaching and academic activities in the academies under the circumstances of political repression. The core content of this tradition and spirit can be summed up in two parts: First, its independent nature, its proximity to the government and its distinct personality traits; second, it is different from the purpose of studying for the purpose of passing and passing the examination of imperial examination; Learn to enhance personal knowledge and moral accomplishment. In the early days of the Yuan Dynasty, there were a large number of survivors in the Southern Song Dynasty, the abolition of the imperial examinations, and the unique soil for the traditional and spiritual development of the academy founded by Zhu Xi. Coupled with the active cultural and educational policies and academic policies of the Yuan Dynasty, meteorological. Not only a large number of colleges to create or rejuvenate, and not subject to the government’s custody, not subject to interference by the Imperial Examination, Confucianism students, to Chi professional precision. During the dynasty, the official documents of the Yuan rulers said: “The Jiangnan Academy was set up by the predecessors, and its disciples, talented people and husband and wife were not under the Fuzhou schools.” Ceremony "volume 6) We can see