自1368年以来,贵州因水土流失造成的洪灾580次,平均一年半出现一次,洪灾严重地区是桐梓、思南、遵义、贵阳和镇远5个县市。洪灾损失每年平均在5,000万元以上,约占贵州地方财政收入的10％。高强度暴雨、低的森林覆盖率和严重的水土流失,是产生洪灾的直接和间接原因。本文综合分析了贵州洪灾的主要活动规律,将洪水规模随时间的变化关系分为4种类型,它们是:持续下降、波动下降、持续上升和波动上升。最后对洪水灾害的防治提出了5条对策。 Since 1368, floods caused by soil erosion in Guizhou have been 580 times, with an average of one and a half years. In severe floods, there are 5 counties and cities in Tongzi, Sinan, Zunyi, Guiyang and Zhenyuan. Flood damage averages more than 50 million yuan each year, accounting for about 10% of Guizhou’s local fiscal revenue. High-intensity heavy rainfall, low forest cover and serious soil erosion are the direct and indirect causes of floods. This paper analyzes the main activities of floods in Guizhou, and divides the flood scale with time into four types. They are: continuous decline, fluctuation decline, continuous rise and fluctuation rise. Finally, we put forward five countermeasures for the prevention and control of flood disaster.