真菌Aspergillus sp.对铜的耐受机制研究

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以从铜尾矿库中分离出的一株铜抗性真菌Aspergillus sp.TDC-1为材料,在液体培养基中探究了其在Cu2+胁迫下的生长、重金属去除率、抗氧化酶系统等生理生化响应及解毒机制.结果显示:当培养液Cu2+浓度超过50 mg/L时,Aspergillus菌丝断裂和皱缩,甚至死亡;随着Cu2+浓度的提高,真菌对Cu2+的去除率从99.24%下降到37.23%,但在Cu2+浓度为100 mg/L时仍有较高的去除率(68.06%).与对照组相比,5~50 mg/L的胁迫处理组真菌的生物量、蛋白质含量和丙二醛含量均无显著变化(P>0.05),超氧化物歧化酶活性显著增加(P<0.05);培养液pH值呈现出随Cu2+浓度的增加先升高后降低的趋势.培养液中共检测出草酸、乙酸和琥珀酸3种有机酸,其含量在200 mg/L时最高.相关性分析发现草酸、琥珀酸含量与胁迫浓度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01).实验结果表明,真菌Aspergillus sp.TDC-1对重金属铜有较强的耐受和去除效果,有机酸的分泌可能是其在高浓度胁迫下的解毒机制.
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