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为了揭示昼夜温差对设施番茄生长发育的影响,于2012年7—12月开展人工环境控制试验,以番茄品种“金冠五号”为试材,试验设计日均气温为18℃,昼夜温差设置0℃温差(昼温/夜温为18℃/18℃)、6℃温差(21℃/15℃)、12℃温差(24℃/12℃)共3个处理,研究不同昼夜温差对番茄苗期、开花期、幼果期和成熟期叶片的光合色素含量、光合作用特性和叶绿素荧光动力参数的影响。结果表明:番茄叶片叶绿素a(Chl-a)和叶绿素b(Chl-b)含量随昼夜温差的增加均逐渐升高,Chl-a/Chl-b的比值依次降低;12℃昼夜温差处理比0℃处理可显著增加番茄叶绿素含量;同时,同一昼夜温差处理,随着番茄生长发育的进行,番茄叶片的光合色素含量逐渐降低;在番茄不同发育阶段,番茄叶片的最大光合作用速率(P max)、CO2最大同化速率(A max)、表观量子效率(A q)及碳羧化效率(C e)均以6℃昼夜温差处理最高,0℃昼夜温差处理次之,12℃昼夜温差处理最低;番茄的最大光化学效率(F v/F m)、光化学淬灭(qP)、电子传递速率(ETR)均以6℃昼夜温差处理时最大,0℃昼夜温差时最低;研究认为,在平均温度为18℃时,6℃昼夜温差处理能够有效地促进番茄的光合作用,有利于番茄的生长。
In order to reveal the effect of temperature difference between day and night on the growth and development of facility tomato, artificial environment control experiment was carried out from July to December in 2012, and the tomato variety “Golden Delicious No.5” was used as experimental material. The average daily temperature of experimental design was 18 ℃, A total of three treatments, 0 ℃ (18 ℃ / 18 ℃), 6 ℃ (21 ℃ / 15 ℃) and 12 ℃ (24 ℃ / 12 ℃) Photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in seedling, anthesis, young and mature leaves were studied. The results showed that the content of Chl-a and Chl-b in tomato leaves increased gradually with the increase of temperature difference between day and night, and the ratio of Chl-a / Chl-b decreased in turn; ℃ treatment significantly increased the content of chlorophyll in tomato; At the same time, with the same temperature difference between day and night, the photosynthetic pigment content of tomato leaves gradually decreased with the growth and development of tomato. The maximum photosynthetic rate (P max) , Maximum CO2 assimilation rate (A max), apparent quantum yield (A q) and carbon carboxylation efficiency (C e) were the highest in 6 ℃ diurnal temperature difference, followed by 0 ℃ diurnal temperature difference and 12 ℃ diurnal temperature difference . The maximum photochemical efficiency (F v / F m), photochemical quenching (qP) and electron transfer rate (ETR) of tomato were the highest when treated with 6 ℃ diurnal temperature difference and the lowest was 0 ℃ diurnal temperature difference. According to the study, At 18 ℃, 6 ℃ diurnal temperature difference treatment can effectively promote the photosynthesis of tomato, which is good for the growth of tomato.