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本文以产业集群理论为背景,结合跨国公司区位理论和中国区域经济发展不平衡结构,采用条件Logit和嵌套Logit模型,从微观层面模拟78家欧洲、美国、日本和中国台湾跨国公司在华177家处于高新技术产业的研发(R&D)子公司,2000-2011年期间跨越12个省的区位战略。研究结果发现:以中国市场需求为导向是外资R&D子公司的普遍战略,R&D的类型决定其区位因素。基础研究(类型R)和应用研究(类型D)子公司分别在不同区域采取“区域-省”的分层选择逻辑。“地理邻近”以及较高的外资研发密度、较低的相对劳动力成本可以促进类型D的投资,而“知识邻近”和基于自主创新的“组织邻近”会吸引类型R子公司。本文的研究结果可以为不同区域针对其经济发展特征做出科学的招商引资决策提供参考。
Based on the theories of industrial cluster, combining the theory of multinational corporations’ location and the unbalanced structure of China’s regional economic development, this paper uses conditional Logit and nested Logit models to simulate the situation of 78 multinational companies in Europe, the United States, Japan and Taiwan in China Home R & D (R & D) subsidiary in the high-tech industry, a regional strategy spanning 12 provinces from 2000-2011. The result shows that the demand of the Chinese market is a universal strategy of foreign R & D subsidiaries, and the type of R & D determines its location. Subsidiaries of basic research (type R) and applied research (type D) respectively adopt hierarchical selection logic of “region-province” in different regions. “Geographical proximity ” and higher R & D intensity of foreign capital, lower relative labor costs can promote the investment of type D, while “knowledge proximity ” and based on independent innovation “organization neighborhood ” will attract type R sub the company. The results of this paper can provide references for different regions to make scientific investment decisions based on their economic development characteristics.