清朝末年,中国的政治经济开始走向衰退,西方列强更是通过各种手段对中国欺诈打压、侵地掠财。尤其是鸦片战争后,中国面临内忧外患的困境,几近亡国的边缘。在此背景下,以康有为为首的维新派人士,从文化救国的角度,提出了创立和倡导孔教、以孔教保家救国的主张。这一主张不仅在儒学宗教化方面收到了一定的成效,而且对抵制外来宗教文化(主要是基督教)入侵也起到了明显的作用。康有为倡导孔教既有历史文化根据,也有现实国情需求;既有对儒学的新的诠释,也有对儒学的改造和发展;既有文化学上的价值,也是为“维新变法”寻找理论依据。总之,康有为的孔教思想有着复杂的社会背景和丰富的内容体系。本文仅就康有为等人创立孔教的动因作出分析,就教于学界同仁。 In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, China’s political and economic conditions began to decline. The Western powers even resorted to various means to suppress and cheat China’s fraud. Especially after the Opium War, China was faced with the dilemma of internal and external disturbances, almost on the verge of exile. Under this background, the reformists led by Kang Youwei put forward the proposition of establishing and advocating Confucianism and saving the country by Confucianism, from the perspective of cultural salvation. This idea not only received some success in the religiousization of Confucianism, but also played an obvious role in resisting the invasion of foreign religious culture (mainly Christianity). Kang Youwei advocated that Confucianism had both historical and cultural bases as well as realistic national conditions and needs. It not only had new interpretations of Confucianism, but also had the reformation and development of Confucianism. It not only had the value of culture but also sought the theory of “reform” in accordance with. In short, Kang Youwei’s Confucianism has a complex social background and rich content system. This article only analyzes the motivation of Kang You-wei and others who founded Confucianism and taught them to colleagues in the academic community.