晚清是中国社会由传统帝国向近代民族国家转型的关键时期 ,国籍问题是其中的一个重要问题 ,过去学者多从华侨与国籍法的角度立论。本文则从社会史的视角 ,重点考察 2 0世纪初年“改籍”风潮所带来的诸多社会问题的表现、动机和危害 ,晚清朝野的反响与对策 ,进而探讨国家转型过程中不同群体身份认同的多样性与困境。 The late Qing Dynasty was the critical period for the Chinese society to transform from the traditional empire to the modern nation-state. The issue of nationality was one of the most important issues. In the past, many scholars made an argument from the angle of overseas Chinese and nationality law. From the perspective of social history, this article focuses on the performance, motives and harms of many social problems brought by the “change of status” in the early years of 20th century, the repercussions and countermeasures in the late Qing dynasty and in the late Qing Dynasty, Diversity and Predicament of Identity.