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头孢菌素类抗生素具有广谱、高效、低毒、体内分布广和深部组织内可达到有效浓度等优点,目前临床应用较广泛,但亦存在着滥用现象。 由于头孢菌素是β-内酰胺类抗生素,细菌产生的β-内酰胺酶会使其失活,且头孢菌素本身就是促使细菌产生β-内镜胺酶的诱导剂,故经常使用会使细菌对头孢素耐药。部分患者初用效果不好的原因为适应症掌握不好或病重药轻。 我们体会革兰氏阴性杆菌感染使用三代头孢菌素效果较好。肺炎球菌或链球菌所致肺炎青霉素、氨苄青霉素即可奏效,不需使用头孢菌素。
Cephalosporin antibiotics have the advantages of broad spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity, wide distribution in the body and effective concentration in deep tissues. At present, cephalosporin antibiotics have a wide range of clinical applications, but there are also abuse phenomena. Since cephalosporins are β-lactam antibiotics, β-lactamases produced by bacteria inactivate them, and cephalosporins themselves are the inducers that cause bacteria to produce β-endosterases. Therefore, it is often used Bacteria resistant to cephalosporin. Part of the reasons for poor initial use of patients with poor indications or serious illness light weight. We know Gram-negative bacilli infection using third-generation cephalosporins better. Pneumococcal pneumonia or streptococcus pneumonia penicillin, ampicillin can be effective, without the use of cephalosporins.