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应用类比方法,不仅可把抽象的新知识纳入已有知识系统中,变抽象为形象、变难为易、变繁为简,同时可激发学生联想,具有启发思路、举一反三、触类旁通的作用,不失为一种促进学生知识“迁移”、提高学生素质的有效方法。但由于类比是一种或然性的推理,有时结论并不可靠,特别是以现象作为类比的根据时,而这正是学生常犯的错误。故物理教学中,应引导学生仔细分析、比较,透过现象抓住与所研究的问题相对应的特征,选择恰当的类比对象,提高其结论的可靠程度,自觉地掌握和应用类比方法。
The application of analogy can not only bring the abstract new knowledge into the existing knowledge system, but also change the abstract image into the image, make it difficult to change easily, change to simple, and stimulate the students to associate. It has the function of inspiration thinking, Promote student knowledge “Migration ”, an effective way to improve the quality of students. However, since analogy is a kind of inferential reasoning, sometimes conclusions are not reliable, especially when phenomenon is used as the basis of analogy, and this is precisely what students often make mistakes. Therefore, in physics teaching, students should be guided carefully to analyze, compare, and grasp the characteristics corresponding to the studied problems through the phenomenon, select appropriate analog objects, improve the reliability of their conclusion, and consciously grasp and apply the analogy method.