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年龄较大的儿童及成人一般通过病史询问及出现吞咽困难征状时便能作出食管异物的诊断;但在幼小儿童(特别是婴儿)其食管异物之诊断比较困难,因为婴儿经常用流食喂养,流食易于通过阻塞之异物,有时不一定出现吞咽困难而出现气管支气管征状,理由如下:①食管内液体溢入或吸入气管,常能引起气管炎、支气管肺炎及肺脓肿。②异物压迫气管后壁可引起气管水肿、狭窄及喘鸣。
Older children and adults are generally diagnosed with esophageal foreign bodies on medical history and symptoms of dysphagia; however, the diagnosis of esophageal foreign bodies in young children, especially infants, is more difficult because infants are frequently fed with fluid diet, Flow easily through the blocked foreign body, and sometimes do not necessarily appear to have difficulty swallowing tracheobronchial symptoms for the following reasons: ① Esophageal fluid overflow or inhalation of the trachea, often can cause tracheitis, bronchial pneumonia and lung abscess. ② foreign body pressure tracheal posterior wall can cause tracheal edema, stenosis and wheezing.