屠格涅夫在《纪念莎士比亚诞生三百周年》(1864)一文中曾指出:“在美洲、澳洲、南非洲的最遥远的边疆,在西伯利亚的丛林,在神圣的印度斯坦河边,如整个欧洲一样,人们怀着热爱和感激说出了莎士比亚的名字.…他征服了全世界:他的胜利比拿破仑们和凯撒们的胜利更为巩固.”屠格涅夫的颂词发表之后,又过去了127年;莎士比亚和他的作品在全世界更加深入人心,莎学成了世界性的热门科学.不过,在这一“热门科学”中,一直存在着热烈的争论和复杂的斗争. In his article “The Three Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of Shakespeare” (1864), Turgenev said: “In the jungles of Siberia, the farthest frontier in the Americas, Australia and South Africa, on the holy Hindustan river, Like Europe, the name of Shakespeare was spoken with love and gratitude .... He conquered the world: his victory was more consolidated than the victory of the Napoleones and Caesars. ”Turgenev’s tribute was made after it was published For 127 years, Shakespeare and his work have become more popular all over the world and Shakespeare became a worldwide hot science, but there has been heated debate and complicated struggles in this “hot science.”