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山杏是亚洲特有种,又名野杏,蔷薇科,耐寒,也耐高温,沙面温度达75℃无灼伤,抗旱,适应性强,在荒山、荒滩、沙地上均能生长,种仁是我国重要的出口土特产品,是经济价值很高的经济树种。亦是水土保持、防风固沙的优良树种之一。一、分布及主要形态特征山杏主要分布于北纬30-52度的干旱地区,我国的东北、华北、西北地区均有分布。山杏落叶小乔木或灌木,冠幅1～3m,树高2.5m左右,或丛状。树皮暗灰褐色,裂纹较细,嫩枝红褐色,有光泽,叶卵形或近圆形,基部圆楔形或楔形,叶柄长2-3cm,近顶端有两个腺体,花单生,4-5月间开放,花径2-3cm,花瓣白色或稍带红色,果球较小,果肉薄,成熟后果肉干硬,自行开裂,脱落果核,种子扁圆形,味苦,7月上中旬成熟,根红褐色,主根不明显,侧根发达。二、生物学、生态学特性
Apricot is a endemic species of Asia, also known as wild apricot, Rosaceae, cold, but also high temperature, sand surface temperature of 75 ℃ without burns, drought, adaptability, can grow in the barren hills, wasteland, sand, It is an important export native product of our country and an economic tree species with high economic value. Is also one of the excellent tree species for soil and water conservation and windbreak and sand fixation. First, the distribution and the main morphological characteristics Apricot is mainly distributed in the arid area of latitude 30-52 degrees, China’s northeast, north, northwest distribution. Apricot leaves small trees or shrubs, crown 1 ~ 3m, tree height 2.5m or so, or plexiform. Bark dark grayish brown, fine cracks, reddish brown branches, shiny, oval or oval leaves, base rounded wedge or wedge, petiole length 2-3cm, near the top of two glands, flowers solitary, May-May opening, flower diameter 2-3cm, petals white or reddish, fruit ball smaller, thin flesh, mature fruit firm hard, self-cracking, off the fruit core, the seed oblate, bitter, 7 Mature mid-month, root reddish brown, the main root is not obvious, lateral roots developed. Second, biology, ecological characteristics