春秋战国之前,“士”本是统治階层的最低等级,到春秋战国时期,从整体上说,“士”虽然已独立为一种职业,即专业管理知识与文化,但是这些“士”并不能与“仕”绝缘,决定它们之间密切关系的因素是多方面的。首先,士本是管理階层,虽然处于统治階层的最低等级,但毕竟是统治者,是“治人”的人,现在虽然不“治人”了,但仍然存留着治人的痕迹。其次,士人从贵族階层掉落下来之后,他们所从事的职业并没有走向技术性很强的纯粹的学术之途,而是研究政治与社会,主要还属于管理者的事业。他们职业的特点决定了他们必须关心政治与社会。其三,社会的发展也需要一部分有智慧、有知识的人出仕来管理国家之事。由士人的特殊身份、知识结构和社会发展需要所决定,春秋战国士人普遍存在着“仕宦”情结。孔子和他的学生有一段对话,颇能反映孔子之于仕的态度: Before the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, “Shi” was the lowest rank of the ruling class. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, as a whole, although “Shi” was independently a profession, that is, professionally managing knowledge and culture, There are many factors that determine the close relationship between them. First of all, Shibamoto is a management class. Although he is at the lowest level of the ruling class, he is, after all, a ruler who is a “ruler” who now does not have a “ruler” Human traces. Second, after the scholars fell from the aristocracy, their profession did not go to a purely technical academic way, but to the study of politics and society and mainly to the management. The characteristics of their profession determine that they must care about politics and society. Third, the development of society also needs a part of the wise and knowledgeable people to go abroad to manage the affairs of the country. It is determined by the special status of the intellectuals, the structure of knowledge and the needs of social development. Scholars of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period generally have the complex of “officialdom ”. Confucius and his students have a dialogue, quite reflect the attitude of Confucius on official: