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高中《物理》上册234页第(4)题中曾提到“有兴趣的同学还可以进一步讨论m_1传递给m_2的动能最大或最小的条件”。对此,天津市教研室编写的教学参考资料上有所讨论。这里再给出一个更为简捷且易学生接受的方法。首先使学生明确①两物体做弹性正碰时,由于动能守恒,则m_1、m_2之间所传递的动能就等于m_1失去的动能或m_2得到的动能。②当且仅当碰后m_1静止时,其动能失去的最多,即两者间传递能量最大;碰后m_1速率变化越小,其动能失去的越少,即两者间传递的动能越小。
High school “Physics” in the first volume of the 234-page (4) mentioned that “interested students can further discuss the maximum or minimum kinetic energy of m_1 passed to m_2.” In this regard, the teaching reference materials written by Tianjin Teaching and Research Office have been discussed. Here is a more simple and easy-to-student approach. First of all, make students clear that when two objects are elastically touched, the kinetic energy transmitted between m_1 and m_2 is equal to the kinetic energy lost by m_1 or the kinetic energy obtained by m_2 due to conservation of kinetic energy. 2 If and only if m_1 stands still, the kinetic energy is lost most, that is, the energy transferred between the two is the largest; the smaller the m_1 rate change after collision, the less the kinetic energy is lost, that is, the smaller the kinetic energy transferred between them.