历史功能是历史学的基本问题。长久以来,学界对此的争论一直徘徊于求真与致用两个方面。本文在总结以往研究的基础上认为,历史功能不仅取决于历史客体,还取决于阅读历史的主体。人们社会身份的不同又决定了实现历史功能的不同途径。从传统社会到现代社会,求真与致用的实践主体,由士大夫分化为知识分子和党员干部,这一转变反映的实质是学术与政治的互动关系。 Historical function is the basic problem of history. For a long time, the academic debate on this has been hovering in both truth and usefulness. On the basis of summarizing previous studies, this paper argues that historical functions depend not only on historical objects but also on the main body of reading history. The different social identities of people determine the different ways of realizing historical functions. From traditional society to modern society, the practical subjects of truth and dedication are differentiated into intellectuals and party members and cadres by doctors and scholars.The essence of this change reflects the interaction between academic and political.