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直接引语，就是直接引用某人所说的话，加引号表示；间接引语，就是转述他人的话语，不加引号。例如：
①He said，“I am a student．”(直接引语)
②He said that he was a student．(间接引语)
直接引语和间接引语之间的转化是现行教材中的重点，也是同学们学习时的难点。如果同学们掌握了将直接引语转变为间接引语的“五变”规则，那么突破这个难点就很轻松了。
一、连接词的变化
③She said．“I arn very happy tohelp you．”→She said (that)she wasvery happy to help you．
④“Do you like playing fiotball?”he asked．→He asked if／whether I likedplaying football．
⑤My sister asked me．“How do youlike the film?”→My sister asked mehow I liked the film．
在以上句子中，直接引语变间接引语时若直接引语为陈述句，连接词用that，且可以省略，如③；若直接引讲为一般疑问句，连接词用if／whether，且不可以省略，如④；若直接引语为特殊疑问句，连接词用相应的疑问词(常见的有where，when，who，which．what和how等)，且不可以省略，如⑤。值得注意的是直接引语变间接引语后必须是陈述句语序。
二、人称的变化
在例③、④、⑤中，我们会发现明显的人称变化，其原则就是使改写后的句子在逻辑意义上通顺。
三、时态的变化
例③、④、⑤中，变为间接引语后直接引语部分的时态分别作了降格处理，即往前推一个时态，一般现在时变成了一般过去时。但应注意，若直接引语中叙述的是科学真理、客观事实、格言等，变为间接引语时，时态无须变化。例如：
⑥The teacher said，“Light travelsmuch faster than sound．”→The teachersaid light travels much faster than sound．
四、动词的变化
⑦He said to me，“I’m sixteen yearsold．”→He told me he was sixteen yearsold．
⑧“Don’t make any noise，”theteacher said t0 the students．→Theteacher asked the students not／never tomake any noise．
直接引语部分是祈使句，变为间接引语时，其主句谓语动词said to可变为asked、told等动词，如例⑦；如直接引语是否定祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将原句中的don’t改为not，如例⑧。另外，如直接引语部分的谓语动词是come，在变为间接引语时要改为go。例如：
⑨Mr．Lu said，“I’ll come here ontime．”→Mr．Lu said he would go thereon time．
五、状语的变化
⑩“What did you come here foryesterday?”the boss said to the youngman．→The boss asked the young manwhat he had gone there for the daybetore．
直接引语变为间接引语时，时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：now→then，today→that day，yesterday→the day before，last year→the year before，ago→before，here→there等。
另外要注意的是，指示代词也应作相应的变化，如：this→that，these→those等。
以上讲解你都掌握了吗?你能把以下直接引语变为间接引语吗?
1．They told their son．“The earthgoes around the sun．”
They told their son____________.
2．He said．“I haven’t seen hertoday．”
He said__________.
3．He asked Simon．“Where did yougo?”
He asked Simon__________.
4．She said to me．“Have dinner withUS．”
She__________.
5．Amy asked Lily，“Are you havingyour breakfast now?”
Amv asked Lily__________.
Keys：
1．(that)the earth goes around thesun 2．(that)he hadn’t seen her thatday 3．where he went 4．asked me t0have dinner with them 5．whether shewas having her breakfast then
责任编辑 张彩萍
①He said，“I am a student．”(直接引语)
②He said that he was a student．(间接引语)
直接引语和间接引语之间的转化是现行教材中的重点，也是同学们学习时的难点。如果同学们掌握了将直接引语转变为间接引语的“五变”规则，那么突破这个难点就很轻松了。
一、连接词的变化
③She said．“I arn very happy tohelp you．”→She said (that)she wasvery happy to help you．
④“Do you like playing fiotball?”he asked．→He asked if／whether I likedplaying football．
⑤My sister asked me．“How do youlike the film?”→My sister asked mehow I liked the film．
在以上句子中，直接引语变间接引语时若直接引语为陈述句，连接词用that，且可以省略，如③；若直接引讲为一般疑问句，连接词用if／whether，且不可以省略，如④；若直接引语为特殊疑问句，连接词用相应的疑问词(常见的有where，when，who，which．what和how等)，且不可以省略，如⑤。值得注意的是直接引语变间接引语后必须是陈述句语序。
二、人称的变化
在例③、④、⑤中，我们会发现明显的人称变化，其原则就是使改写后的句子在逻辑意义上通顺。
三、时态的变化
例③、④、⑤中，变为间接引语后直接引语部分的时态分别作了降格处理，即往前推一个时态，一般现在时变成了一般过去时。但应注意，若直接引语中叙述的是科学真理、客观事实、格言等，变为间接引语时，时态无须变化。例如：
⑥The teacher said，“Light travelsmuch faster than sound．”→The teachersaid light travels much faster than sound．
四、动词的变化
⑦He said to me，“I’m sixteen yearsold．”→He told me he was sixteen yearsold．
⑧“Don’t make any noise，”theteacher said t0 the students．→Theteacher asked the students not／never tomake any noise．
直接引语部分是祈使句，变为间接引语时，其主句谓语动词said to可变为asked、told等动词，如例⑦；如直接引语是否定祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将原句中的don’t改为not，如例⑧。另外，如直接引语部分的谓语动词是come，在变为间接引语时要改为go。例如：
⑨Mr．Lu said，“I’ll come here ontime．”→Mr．Lu said he would go thereon time．
五、状语的变化
⑩“What did you come here foryesterday?”the boss said to the youngman．→The boss asked the young manwhat he had gone there for the daybetore．
直接引语变为间接引语时，时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：now→then，today→that day，yesterday→the day before，last year→the year before，ago→before，here→there等。
另外要注意的是，指示代词也应作相应的变化，如：this→that，these→those等。
以上讲解你都掌握了吗?你能把以下直接引语变为间接引语吗?
1．They told their son．“The earthgoes around the sun．”
They told their son____________.
2．He said．“I haven’t seen hertoday．”
He said__________.
3．He asked Simon．“Where did yougo?”
He asked Simon__________.
4．She said to me．“Have dinner withUS．”
She__________.
5．Amy asked Lily，“Are you havingyour breakfast now?”
Amv asked Lily__________.
Keys：
1．(that)the earth goes around thesun 2．(that)he hadn’t seen her thatday 3．where he went 4．asked me t0have dinner with them 5．whether shewas having her breakfast then
责任编辑 张彩萍