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在中国近代学术转型中起了重要作用的分科设学模式，是传统的内部变动和西学的外部输入错综交织的产物。清末学人在教育改革中重新发现并发展了宋儒胡瑗以来的分斋课士的书院传统，逐步将西学门类整合进传统的知识体系之中，经由学校体制、分科设计和研究方法的层层更新，形成了一幅中西学冲突融合，书院和学堂彼此移位，经学失去主导价值，以致传统学术体系最终分解的极其复杂的图景。
The mode of branch-based design, which played an important role in the academic transformation in modern China, is a product of the complicated internal changes and the external input of western learning. In the late Qing Dynasty, scholars in the educational reform rediscovered and developed the academy tradition of the division of religious studies since the Song Dynasty. They gradually integrated Western learning into the traditional knowledge system. Through the school system, sub-division design and research methods Layer, resulting in an extremely complex picture of the fusion of Chinese and Western sciences, the shift of academies and schools from one another, and the loss of dominant value of the Confucian classics so that the traditional academic system eventually decomposes.