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随着教育改革的逐步深化,历史高考的命题指导思想、原则和试题模式均发生了显著的变化。这种变化可以概括为“三个转变”。第一个转变是命题指导思想在既要有利于高等学校选拨合格的新生,又要有利于中学教学的原则上,有了新的发展,明确提出要有利于中学教学改革。两字之差反映了形势发展的要求,强化了高考的导向作用,表明高考命题不再是要适应、照顾中学教学的现状,而是要促进、引导中学教学的改革。第二个转变是命题原则从“依纲照本”向“依纲用本”的转变。“用本”就是要求对教材内容能融会贯通,灵活运用。具体到试题答案的要求上.就是不拘泥某一教材的文字表述,而要充分理解有关内容,善于归纳概括,善于提炼观点。第三个转变是命题模式从重在考查基础知识向重在考查学科能力的转变。近几年选择题对知识深层次的考查,材料解析题型的出台和问答题难度的增大等,都显示
With the gradual deepening of education reform, the history of college entrance examination guidelines, principles and test patterns have undergone significant changes. This change can be summarized as “three changes.” The first change is that the guiding ideology of proposition has a new development in the principle that it is necessary to be favorable to the selection of qualified freshmen in higher schools and to the teaching of secondary schools, and it is explicitly proposed to be conducive to the reform in secondary education. The difference between the two characters reflects the requirement of the development of the situation and strengthens the guiding role of the college entrance examination. It shows that the college entrance examination thesis no longer needs to adapt and take care of the status quo of middle school teaching. Rather, it should promote and guide the reform of middle school teaching. The second change is the transformation of propositional principle from “according to outline” to “use according to outline”. “Use this” is the requirement of teaching materials can be integrated, flexible use. Specific to the answer to the questions on the request is not rigidly adhere to the text of a teaching material, but to fully understand the content, good at induction and summary, good at refining point of view. The third change is that the propositional model shifts from examining basic knowledge to focusing on the ability of examining a subject. In recent years, multiple-choice questions on the knowledge of the test, the issue of material analysis problems and the difficulty of raising the difficulty of question and answer, etc., have shown