Maize straw smoldering in "Heated Kang" is the traditional way for heating in winter in rural areas of Guanzhong Plain.This smolder procedure produced large quantities of pollutants and became a big problem in rural and urban areas.In this study,on-site measurements of straw smoldering in a residence with a Chinese ‘Heated Kang’ (Scenario 1) were done to determine the emissions factors (EFs) for pollutants.Moreover,EFs of pollutants from a advanced stove fired with maize straw (Scenario 2) and maize-straw briquette (Scenario 3) had been conducted in a laboratory to find the new measure to reduce the pollution emissions.