Background Abdominal wall aggressive fibromatosis often occurs in women of childbearing age.As there are no specific diagnostic methods for abdominal wall aggressive fibromatosis,its preoperative diagnostic rate is still low.The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of abdominal wall aggressive fibromatosis.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 17 patients treated in our hospital from January 2011 to April 2016,including 14 primary cases and three relapses.Results: There were 15 women and two men with a mean age of 33 years(range 26–56 years).The most common symptoms were abdominal wall discomfort(i.e.,abdominal pain)in 12 cases and itching sensation in one.Abdominal wall aggressive fibromatosis had a mean maximum lesion diameter of 5.74 cm(range 2–12 cm).All 17 patients underwent radical excision; nine with simple tumor resection,and eight with tumor resection plus abdominal wall tension-free repair.Five cases received postoperative radiotherapy.Postoperative complications included incision infection,incision hernia and postoperative bleeding in one patient each.The local recurrence rate was 11.8%,including two cases that underwent tumor dissection(resection margins <1 cm)without postoperative radiotherapy.There was no recurrence in the cases that underwent postoperative radiotherapy.Conclusion: Aggressive fibromatosis showing aggressive growth,with high recurrence rate,can be managed well surgically.Radical resection is the optimal treatment and postoperative radiotherapy can decrease the local recurrence rate.