From venation to classification -- models and tests on Tropiduchidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha)

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With 166 genera and 591 species, Tropiduchidae, are mainly distributed in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical and Australasian regions, and with few representatives in the Caribbean (Bourgoin 2013).They have attracted particular interest since Fennah (1982) revisited their classification dividing them into 15 tribes, modifying the early attempts of Melichar (1914), Muir (1923) and Metcalf (1938).Interestingly, with Fennahs revision and recent works of Szwedo (2000), Shcherbakov (2006), Gnezdilov (2007), Szwedo & Stroi(n)ski (1999, 2010, 2013), including fossil data, some 20% of the genera have now been transferred from or to other planthopper families and 21 tropiduchid tribes are now recognized.The unexpected result produces a quite fuzzy definition of the family, questioning its monophyly and its relationships within the Fulgoromorpha.
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