To elucidate and quantify which cell types contribute to the developing neointima formation causing restenosis after vessel graft, we established a novel mouse model by grafting a decellularized vessel to the carotid artery.Typically, the graft developed neointimal lesions after 2 weeks, resulting in lumen closure within 4 weeks.Endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC), monocytes and stem/progenitor cells were detected 2weeks post-implantation.