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Bamboo occupies an important phylogenetic node in the grass family with remarkable sizes,woodiness and a striking life history.Chromosome doubling and restructuring would occur during the process of the regenerated plant from the anther.We found that these plantlets exhibited different phenotype.Among the bulk of the regenerated Ma bamboo plants which were developed from the anther,there were triploid (3X),hexaploid (6X) and dodecaploid (12X).The measurement of physiological and biochemical indicators showed that different ploidy regenerated Ma bamboo plant had significant differences.The plant height and stem of dodecaploid were higher than that of the other plants.The activities of SOD and POD both in dodecaploid and hexaploid were higher than that of triploid while the MDA content and plasma membrane permeability were lower than that of triploid.Comparison of the seeding and anther regeneration plants on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthesis indicators indicated that dodecaploid plantlet showed higher indexes than the other plants.These results illustrated that ploidy change had great influence on its physiological index.