Objective: The introduction of nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy represents a milestone in the treatment of prostate cancer.However,a certain percentage of cancer survivors still suffer from erectile dysfunction.Recent research has stated that using PDE 5-inhibitors after radical prostatectomy may lead to biochemical recurrence.This study was performed to identify the expression profile of small RNA in rats with neurogenic erectile dysfunction,and to investigate possible genes and signaling pathways involving in the disease.Methods: Neurogenic erectile dysfunction(ED)was induced in male rats by bilateral cavernous nerve crushing injury(BCNI).After 28 days,RNA was isolated from the corpus cavernosum(CC)of both control rats and neurogenic ED rats.Small RNA sequencing was conducted using an Illumina Hiseq 2500/2000 platform.Candidate small RNAs were validated by rael-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Intracavernous pressure(ICP)was significantly decreased in BCNI group compared with SHAM group.Real time PCR validated that miR-9a-5p,miR-203a-5p,miR-378a-3p and miR-3557-5p were upregulated,and meanwhile miR-3084a-3p was downregulated.Conclusion: Small RNA,including microRNA,may play an important role in the regulation of genes in CC and some certain miRs may participate in post-prostatectomy ED.Further studies will be designed to investigate the specific mechanisms of these changes.