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The shape and function of an axon is dependent on its cytoskeleton,including microtubules,neurofilaments and actin.Neurofilaments accumulate abnormally in axons in many neurological disorders.An early event of such accumulation is a striking radial segregation of microtubules and neurofilaments.This segregation phenomenon has been observed for over 30 years now,but the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood.I will present a stochastic multiscale model that explains these phenomena and generates testable predictions.