Ceramides play important role as second messengers and initiate physiological changes during organism development,growth,differentiation and apoptosis,also the key metabolites of sphingolipid biosynth
Rhopalosiphum padi is an important pest of wheat,which is widely distributed throughout the world,causing heavy economic losses to the wheat production every year.
The pine caterpillar moths,Dendrolimus punctatus(Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae),one of the most destructive pest of Pinus massoniana,cause enormous costs in forestry and ecological environment.
The green rice leafhopper(GRH),Nephotettix cincticeps,is one of the most important rice pests in temperate Asian countries which cause serious crop damages by feeding directly and vectoring plant viru
Insulin-like peptides(ILPs)connecting the nutritional status with proliferation and juvenile hormone(JH)regulating of vitellogenesis has been known for a long time in several insects.
Dastarcus helophoroides is an ectoparasitoid beetle of Monochamus alternatus,and the parasitism by D.helophoroides larvae remarkably influenced on the immune responses of M.alternatus larvae in many a
Salicylic acid(SA)is one of the ubiquitously endogenous signal molecules in plant,which has been recognized as a kind of hormones,and plays an important role in induced plant defense against herbivore