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刘心武的短篇小说《班主任》发表之初引起社会震动,好评如潮,然后时过境迁,自20世纪末期开始,不断遭受诟病,其艺术性和审美价值受到贬低乃至否定。这种情形是有失公允的,不符合科学化美学原理。以中国马克思主义文艺观的学理依据为根基,运用认知美学阐发的美学基本原理,可以看到文学文本的审美性不仅来自技术性的形式,还来自作品中特定的功利性,《班主任》审美价值应该得到肯定。
Since the beginning of the 20th century, Liu Xinwu’s short story teacher-in-charge has caused social shocks, rave reviews and then passage of time. Since the late 20th century, he has been constantly criticized and its artistic and aesthetic values have been degraded and even denied. This situation is unfair and does not conform to the principle of scientific aesthetics. Based on the theoretical basis of Chinese Marxist literature and art view, using the basic principles of aesthetics elaborated by cognitive aesthetics, we can see that the aesthetic nature of literary texts comes not only from the technical forms but also from the specific utilitarians in the works, the aesthetic value of “teacher in charge” It should be affirmed.