In this paper, several kinds of silver supporting activated carbon fibers (ACF) were prepared by the reduction adsorption of ACFs. The ACFs, using sisal fiber, viscose fiber, and pitch fiber as precursors, were prepared with steam activation or with ZnCl2 or H3PO4 activation. The pore structure and surface chemistry of these silver supporting activated carbon fibers were characterized using low temperature nitrogen adsorption, XPS, WXRD and ICP quantitative analysis. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of these silver supporting activated carbon fibers was tested. These research results showed that metallic silver particle with micron or nano-scale size could be easily and dispersedly supported onto the surface of ACF using reduction property of ACF without largely decreasing their high specific surface area. These silver supporting activated carbon fibers showed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity has closed relationship with the precursors, the method of activation, the silver content and the specific surface area of the ACFs, generally, higher silver content, higher specific surface area make the materials have stronger antibacterial activity. ACF activated with phosphoric acid, due to the presence of certain amount of organic phosphoric groups on the surface, showed stronger antibacterial activity than those activated with steam. The antibacterial can be easily regeneration without decreasing their antibacterial activity and without releasing large amount of silver from the solid phase.