Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and other head and neck squamous carcinoma constitute a microenvironment characterized by the infiltration of distinct inflammatory cells, predominantly T cells, into the stroma between tumor nests and the surrounding regions.These tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may be involved in the modulation of antitumor immunity or tumor promoting inflammation.The pro-inflammatory Th 17 and anti-inflammatory regulatory T (Treg) cells share plasticity in the expression of IL-17 and FOXP3, but their mutual presence in human diseases is unclear.