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This study estimated population structure and ancestry of Qinchuan cattle by genotyping 27 Qinchuan individuals with GeneSeek HD 77k BeadChip and other 1,355 world cattle genotyped with Illumina Bovine 50k BeadChip.Qinchuan cattle were characterized by dominant Bos taurus ancestry accompanied by considerable Bos indicus ancestry based on principal component analysis (PCA) and admixture analysis.Small proportion of Bos javanicus ancestry and African taurine ancestry were detected in Qinchuan cattle with the K increasing in admixture analysis.A close relationship between Qinchuan cattle and four Turkish breeds was revealed by the phylogenetic tree.Our study presented a relatively clear view of population structure and ancestry of Qinchuan cattle,which would be benefit for its conservation and exploration.