Neural tissue has limited potential to self-renew after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Cell therapy using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) seems like a promising approach for the treatment of neurological diseases.However, the neural differentiation of MSCs influenced by many factors and interactions is not well studied at present.Electroacupuncture has been accepted as an alternative treatment method in more and more people throughout the world, and it can enhances proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells, but little is known about the effect of electroacupuncture on differentiation of exogenous MSCs in ICH brain and its mechanism.Adult SD rats were used to establish the ICH model by injecting with collagenase and heparin into caudate-putamen through stereotaxic apparatus, then they were randomly divided into NS group, MSCs group and EA-MSCs group, followed by treatment of saline infusion, MSCs transplantation, MSCs transplantation combined with electroacupuncture on "baihui" and "dazhui" respectively at 3 rd day after operation.All rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after treatment.Immunofluorescence histochemical staining was used to observe the differentiation of transplanted MSCs in rat brains, and the expression levels of protein and mRNA of wnt3a、β-catenin were tested by Western blot and RT-PCR.The rates of NF-200 and GFAP positive cells derived from MSCs in the EA-MSCs group were more than that in the MSCs group at the same timepoint(p<0.05).As compared with NS group and MSCs group,electroacupuncture had significant influence on the expression of wnt3a and β-catenin (p<0.05, except the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin at 5days and 7 days respectively), but no obvious difference in expression levels of wnt3a and β-catenin was observed between the NS group and MSCs group(p<0.05, except the mRNA expression of wnt3a and β-catenin at lday and 5 days respectively).The expressions levels of wnt3a and β-catenin are positively correlated with neural cell differentiation rate of MSCs.Electroacupuncture could activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and promote the differentiation of transplanted MSCs into neural cells in ICH rat brains.The Wnt/β-catenin pathway may play an important role in differentiation of exogenous MSCs in brain.