Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations of neuron-glia interactions are associated with development of neurodegenerative diseases.Astrocytes contribute to a variety of functions of neurons, including synapse formation and plasticity, energetic and redox metabolism, and synaptic homeostasis of neurotransmitters and ions.Functional relationship between neurons, astroglial cells, and vascular cells within so-called neurovascular unit is very important in the context of pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.We have focused on the role of the activity of bifunctional enzyme CD38 in neurodegeneration.