Ion channels are the molecular basis of nerve impulse, playing very important roles in many physiological processes.Central to the physiological functions are the abilities of these proteins for discriminating for specific ions over other ions (selectivity), opening or closing the ion conducting pore under certain stimulus (gating), conducting ions at levels near the limit of diffusion (conduction), and pausing the conduction randomly while the stimulus exist (inactivation).Determinations of three-dimensional structures of potassium and few of other ion channels at atomic resolution, using x-ray crystallography, represent opportunities for interpreting and relating a channel structure to its function.We have performed investigations on gating, conduction, and inactivation of potassium ion channels, based on the crystal structures, from the viewpoint of molecular biomechanics, and novel structure features an μ their function in CNG channels, using large scale all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations up to 1μS, or 55,000 atomsμs which are performed on TFLOPS clusters.The surprising findings from our efforts in the past fewyears will be reported.