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The age-related loss of antioxidant defense reduces the recovery from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/R) in aged people.Our previous data showed inactivation of thioredoxin (Trx) was involved in enhanced aging MI/R injury.The thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), the only enzyme known to regulate Trx, was less efficient with age.The current study determined why the TrxR activity was reduced and whether the reduced TrxR activity contributed to the enhanced aging MI/R injury in aging.Results: MI/R-induced cardiac injury was enhanced in aging rats as evidenced by aggravated cardiac dysfunction, increased apoptosis and lipid peroxidation (increased caspase-3 activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration).