近年来,随着长筒石蒜(Lycoris longituba)的推广和应用,相关的研究也相继开展,但目前仍未掌握其科学的栽培技术,来满足对长筒石蒜日益增加的产业化生产和市场需求。本文通过不同土壤和光照条件对长筒石蒜生长和光合特性影响的研究,以揭示出适合长筒石蒜栽培的土壤和光照条件,为其产业化生产提供理论依据和技术参考。选取鳞茎大小一致的开花种球为材料(平均湿重为47.9 g/球)。栽培基质河沙的田间持水量为23.1%,泥炭土选用德国HAWITA(维特)泥炭。于2010年8月底种植,栽植株行距为15×20cm。采用土壤和光照双因素、3水平试验设计,每行(1个重复)种植8个球,3个重复。3种土壤基质分别为沙土,沙土+泥炭土(3:1,上层30cm为沙土,下层10cm为泥炭土)和园土+泥炭土(5:4),分别用A1、A2、A3表示;利用不同层黑色遮荫网进行遮光处理,设置了88%、54%和0%三个遮荫梯度,分别用B1、B2、B3表示。生长量选取了叶数、叶长、鳞茎干重和湿重比4个参数,为了避免移栽对长筒石蒜叶形态的影响,叶片数量和长度于栽种后的二叶期(2011年10月)开始测定,每隔20d左右测定一次(枯叶期除外);鳞茎于2013年6月初统一挖掘称重,称量湿重;将鳞茎放入85℃烘箱中,烘干至恒重,测定其干重。利用LI-6400 XT便携式光合仪(Li-COR,USA)的透明叶室,分别于2012年4月中旬和2013年3月中旬(二和三叶生长的旺盛期)天气晴朗无云日,进行了净光合速率(Pn)的测定,观测时间为9:00am~11:00am,各处理选取基部第2枚成熟叶片的中上部进行测量,3个重复。结果表明:叶片数量、鳞茎干重和湿重比随着光照强度的增加而升高,叶片长度随着光照的增加而减少。适当的土壤养分有利于增加叶片数量和长度、鳞茎干重和湿重比,但过量的土壤养分并没有显著的效果,反而出现下降的趋势。不同土壤基质对旺盛生长的叶片的净光合速率无显著影响,而随着光照强度的增加净光合速率显著增强,土壤和光照的交互作用也存在显著差异,光照的影响要大于土壤的。此外,考虑到沙土的持水能力较差,对光照、土壤养分和水分进行多元线性回归分析得出,光照的相关系数最大,其次为土壤水分,最后为土壤养分。因此,长筒石蒜在叶片旺盛生长期属于阳生植物,为提高其鳞茎产量应保证充足的光照和适量的土壤养分。 In recent years, with the promotion and application of Lycoris longituba, related research has been carried out one after another, but its scientific cultivation techniques have not yet been mastered in order to meet the increasing industrialization and market demand for the long-stemmed Lycoris longituba . In this paper, the effects of different soil and light conditions on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Lycoris radiata were studied to reveal the soil and light conditions suitable for the cultivation of Lycoris radiatus, providing theoretical basis and technical reference for its industrial production. Bulblets with the same bulb size were selected as materials (average wet weight was 47.9 g / ball). The field water holding capacity of the substrate was 23.1%. Peat soil was selected from German HAWITA peat. Planting at the end of August 2010, plant spacing of 15 × 20cm. Using soil and light two-factor, three-level experimental design, eight balls were planted in each row (one replicate) and three replicates. The three soil matrices were sandy soil, sandy soil + peat soil (3: 1, upper 30 cm sandy soil, lower 10 cm peat soil) and garden soil + peat soil (5: 4) Black shading grids of different layers were shaded, and three shading gradients of 88%, 54% and 0% were set, denoted by B1, B2 and B3 respectively. In order to avoid the influence of transplanting on the morphological characteristics of L. capitata, the leaf number and length were selected in the two-leaf stage after planting (October 2011 ) Was measured every 20d or so (except in the leaves of dry season); bulb in early June 2013 uniform excavation weighing, weighed wet weight; the bulb into 85 ℃ oven, dried to constant weight, measured Dry weight. The transparent leaf chamber of the LI-6400 XT portable photosynthesis apparatus (Li-COR, USA) was used for the clear cloudless days in mid-April 2012 and mid-March 2013 (the vigorous period of two-and-three-leaf growth) The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) determination, the observation time of 9:00 am ~ 11: 00am, each treatment selected base of the second mature leaves in the upper part of the measurement, three replicates. The results showed that leaf number, dry weight and wet weight ratio increased with the increase of light intensity, and the length of leaves decreased with the increase of light intensity. Appropriate soil nutrients are conducive to increasing the number of leaves and length, dry weight and wet weight ratio of bulbs, but excess soil nutrients and no significant effect, but a downward trend. There was no significant difference in net photosynthetic rate between different soil matrices and net photosynthetic rate (Pn). The interaction between soil and light had significant difference, and the influence of illumination on the net photosynthetic rate was greater than that on the soil. In addition, taking into account the poor water holding capacity of sandy soil, multiple linear regression analysis of light, soil nutrients and water shows that the correlation coefficient of illumination is the largest, followed by soil moisture and finally soil nutrients. Therefore, long-stemmed garlic in the vigorous growth of leaves belonging to the sun-plants, in order to improve its bulb yield should ensure adequate light and soil nutrients.